Planet Earth

Name______________________________ Date_______________
Class_______________ Period____________

Planet Earth I- Quiz 1
Multiple Choice

1. Which is NOT part of an atom?
(a)electron (b) energy level (c) nucleus (d) mixture

2. The mass number of an element is the sum of its
a. ions and protons, (b) protons and neutrons, (c) protons and electrons, (d) electrons and ions.

3. Atoms of the same element that differ slightly in mass are called
a. neutrons (b) ions (c) isotopes (d) positrons

4. The differences in the mass of atoms of the same element are attributed to different numbers of
a. protons (b) neutrons (c) electrons (d) positrons

5. Of the following, the particle generally not found in the nucleus of an atom is
a. a hyperon (b) a meson (c) neutron (d) an electron

6. The atomic number of an element indicates
a. the number of protons (b) the number of electrons (c) the number of protons and neutrons (d) the number of neutrons

7. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the mass of the
a. protons (b) protons and neutrons (c) neutrons (d) electrons


Short Answers
How does oceanic and continental lithosphere differ?




What are convection currents?




How did the earliest elements form?









Matching Write word next to number
Sea-floor spreading, Lithosphere, elements, basalt, convention currents, atomic collisions, mountain formation, chemical reactions, island formations, radioactive decay, volcanic eruptions, atom, cooling processes, granite

1. contributed to the formation of heavier elements

2. were probably sources for building earths primitive atmosphere

3. the solid or rocky portion of the earths surface-continental or oceanic crust

4. the circular flow of materials within a fluid

5. process that is the source of energy within the Earth’s mantle

6. the basic rock material for continental crust

7. the basic rock material for oceanic crust

8. e.g. H, He, Fe

9. e.g. H2O, CH4, NH3

10. results in the flow of magma from the mantle up into the continental crust-builds up new ocean floor

11. the smallest and indivisible part of an element

12. Orogenesis

A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor. It continuously spews super-hot, mineral-rich water that helps support a diverse community of organisms. Although most of the deep sea is sparsely populated, vent sites teem with a fascinating array of life. Tubeworms and huge clams are the most distinctive inhabitants of Pacific Ocean vent sites, while eyeless shrimp are found only at vents in the Atlantic Ocean.
The first hydrothermal vent was discovered in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Most are found at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system— the underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe.
How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth’s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth’s crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor.
As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F). Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. When the pressure on a liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up.
Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. These smokestacks are formed from dissolved metals that precipitate out (form into particles) when the super-hot vent water meets the surrounding deep ocean water, which is only a few degrees above freezing.
So-called “black smokers” are the hottest of the vents. They spew mostly iron and sulfide, which combine to form iron monosulfide. This compound gives the smoker its black color.

“White smokers” release water that is cooler than their cousins’ and often contains compounds of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white.
Geologists are intrigued by how rapidly vent chimneys grow — up to 9 meters (30 ft) in 18 months. A scientist at the University of Washington has been monitoring the growth of “Godzilla,” a vent chimney in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon. It reached the height of a 15-story building before it toppled. It is now actively rebuilding.
There are many other reasons why scientists want to learn more about hydrothermal vents. These underwater geysers are believed to play an important role in the ocean’s temperature, chemistry, and circulation patterns
Stanley Miller, a graduate student in biochemistry, built the apparatus shown here. He filled it with
• water (H2O
• methane (CH4)
• ammonia (NH3) and
• hydrogen (H2)
• but no oxygen
He hypothesized that this mixture resembled the atmosphere of the early earth. (Some are not so sure.) The mixture was kept circulating by continuously boiling and then condensing the water.
The gases passed through a chamber containing two electrodes with a spark passing between them.

Name___________________________ Date____________
Class_______________ Period__________

Planet Earth I- Quiz 2

Matching
Hydrothermal vents, Carbon dioxide, Photosynthesis, Autotrophs, Coacervates, Climatic changes, Adaptations, Surface volcanic eruptions, Radioactive decay, Meteorite impacts, Hydrogen sulfide, Glucose, Magnetic fields, High energy radiation from space, Chemosynthesis, Type of autotrophic nutrition by animals and fungi

1-uses light in order to drive the synthesis of organic compounds (nutrients ) from inorganic compounds

2-product(s) from the chemosynthetic reaction by sulfur bacteria

3-reactant(s) from the chemosynthetic reaction by sulfur bacteria

4-such event(s) would hardly affect the stability of hydrothermal vent ecosystems

5-changes which allow organisms to live or function under particular conditions

6-non-living aggregate clusters of protein complexes

7-it is process by which some types of bacteria make their own organic nutrients from CO2 and other inorganic substances, sulfur, as their energy source

8-sources of energy (heat) that allowed the synthesis of organic molecules from simple inorganic compounds

9-e.g. sulfur bacteria, blue-green algae, green plants,

10-are generated by the Earth’s liquid outer core

11-type of ecosystem in which organisms survive without sunlight

UNIT 1 Quiz 1

Aims
How are atoms arranged in the periodic table?
How do granite and basalt compare in density?
How do oceanic and continental lithosphere differ?
What are convection currents?
How did the earliest elements form?
What is condensation theory?
How old is the Universe, Solar System, and Earth?
How did volcanic eruptions alter the atmosphere?
How does the interior of the Earth stay hot?
How can I find atomic mass, atomic number and the number of neutrons an atom has?
How can density be calculated?
What happens to volume as heat is applied to a material?


What is orogenesis?

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I also want to some assessment of basic skills. Today we will discuss the relationship of mass and volume or density. The formula for finding this is D= M/V. Examples that worked well were the pipe vs the wood or tile vs wood. I also discussed how to get the area or square measure of an object like a room or the cubic one or volume. Using a linear measuring device like a tape measure or meter stick, you can determin area and volume of a room. To find mass a scale is used like a triple beam balance, and the reul wll be in CCs or centimeters cubed or milliliters. Countertops are also a choice that may be affected by density and price. I compared a wood vs granite one