Sunday, October 05, 2003
Name______________________________ Date_______________
Class_______________ Period____________
Planet Earth I- Quiz 1
Multiple Choice
1. Which is NOT part of an atom?
(a)electron (b) energy level (c) nucleus (d) mixture
2. The mass number of an element is the sum of its
a. ions and protons, (b) protons and neutrons, (c) protons and electrons, (d) electrons and ions.
3. Atoms of the same element that differ slightly in mass are called
a. neutrons (b) ions (c) isotopes (d) positrons
4. The differences in the mass of atoms of the same element are attributed to different numbers of
a. protons (b) neutrons (c) electrons (d) positrons
5. Of the following, the particle generally not found in the nucleus of an atom is
a. a hyperon (b) a meson (c) neutron (d) an electron
6. The atomic number of an element indicates
a. the number of protons (b) the number of electrons (c) the number of protons and neutrons (d) the number of neutrons
7. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the mass of the
a. protons (b) protons and neutrons (c) neutrons (d) electrons
Short Answers
How does oceanic and continental lithosphere differ?
What are convection currents?
How did the earliest elements form?
Matching Write word next to number
Sea-floor spreading, Lithosphere, elements, basalt, convention currents, atomic collisions, mountain formation, chemical reactions, island formations, radioactive decay, volcanic eruptions, atom, cooling processes, granite
1. contributed to the formation of heavier elements
2. were probably sources for building earths primitive atmosphere
3. the solid or rocky portion of the earths surface-continental or oceanic crust
4. the circular flow of materials within a fluid
5. process that is the source of energy within the Earth’s mantle
6. the basic rock material for continental crust
7. the basic rock material for oceanic crust
8. e.g. H, He, Fe
9. e.g. H2O, CH4, NH3
10. results in the flow of magma from the mantle up into the continental crust-builds up new ocean floor
11. the smallest and indivisible part of an element
12. Orogenesis
Class_______________ Period____________
Planet Earth I- Quiz 1
Multiple Choice
1. Which is NOT part of an atom?
(a)electron (b) energy level (c) nucleus (d) mixture
2. The mass number of an element is the sum of its
a. ions and protons, (b) protons and neutrons, (c) protons and electrons, (d) electrons and ions.
3. Atoms of the same element that differ slightly in mass are called
a. neutrons (b) ions (c) isotopes (d) positrons
4. The differences in the mass of atoms of the same element are attributed to different numbers of
a. protons (b) neutrons (c) electrons (d) positrons
5. Of the following, the particle generally not found in the nucleus of an atom is
a. a hyperon (b) a meson (c) neutron (d) an electron
6. The atomic number of an element indicates
a. the number of protons (b) the number of electrons (c) the number of protons and neutrons (d) the number of neutrons
7. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the mass of the
a. protons (b) protons and neutrons (c) neutrons (d) electrons
Short Answers
How does oceanic and continental lithosphere differ?
What are convection currents?
How did the earliest elements form?
Matching Write word next to number
Sea-floor spreading, Lithosphere, elements, basalt, convention currents, atomic collisions, mountain formation, chemical reactions, island formations, radioactive decay, volcanic eruptions, atom, cooling processes, granite
1. contributed to the formation of heavier elements
2. were probably sources for building earths primitive atmosphere
3. the solid or rocky portion of the earths surface-continental or oceanic crust
4. the circular flow of materials within a fluid
5. process that is the source of energy within the Earth’s mantle
6. the basic rock material for continental crust
7. the basic rock material for oceanic crust
8. e.g. H, He, Fe
9. e.g. H2O, CH4, NH3
10. results in the flow of magma from the mantle up into the continental crust-builds up new ocean floor
11. the smallest and indivisible part of an element
12. Orogenesis
A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor. It continuously spews super-hot, mineral-rich water that helps support a diverse community of organisms. Although most of the deep sea is sparsely populated, vent sites teem with a fascinating array of life. Tubeworms and huge clams are the most distinctive inhabitants of Pacific Ocean vent sites, while eyeless shrimp are found only at vents in the Atlantic Ocean.
The first hydrothermal vent was discovered in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Most are found at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system— the underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe.
How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth’s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth’s crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor.
As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F). Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. When the pressure on a liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up.
Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. These smokestacks are formed from dissolved metals that precipitate out (form into particles) when the super-hot vent water meets the surrounding deep ocean water, which is only a few degrees above freezing.
So-called “black smokers” are the hottest of the vents. They spew mostly iron and sulfide, which combine to form iron monosulfide. This compound gives the smoker its black color.
“White smokers” release water that is cooler than their cousins’ and often contains compounds of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white.
Geologists are intrigued by how rapidly vent chimneys grow — up to 9 meters (30 ft) in 18 months. A scientist at the University of Washington has been monitoring the growth of “Godzilla,” a vent chimney in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon. It reached the height of a 15-story building before it toppled. It is now actively rebuilding.
There are many other reasons why scientists want to learn more about hydrothermal vents. These underwater geysers are believed to play an important role in the ocean’s temperature, chemistry, and circulation patterns
Stanley Miller, a graduate student in biochemistry, built the apparatus shown here. He filled it with
• water (H2O
• methane (CH4)
• ammonia (NH3) and
• hydrogen (H2)
• but no oxygen
He hypothesized that this mixture resembled the atmosphere of the early earth. (Some are not so sure.) The mixture was kept circulating by continuously boiling and then condensing the water.
The gases passed through a chamber containing two electrodes with a spark passing between them.
The first hydrothermal vent was discovered in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Most are found at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system— the underwater mountain chain that snakes its way around the globe.
How do hydrothermal vents form? In some areas along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, the gigantic plates that form the Earth’s crust are moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the ocean floor. Seawater seeps into these openings and is heated by the molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath the Earth’s crust. As the water is heated, it rises and seeks a path back out into the ocean through an opening in the seafloor.
As the vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high as 400°C (750°F). Yet this water does not boil because it is under so much pressure from the tremendous weight of the ocean above. When the pressure on a liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up.
Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. These smokestacks are formed from dissolved metals that precipitate out (form into particles) when the super-hot vent water meets the surrounding deep ocean water, which is only a few degrees above freezing.
So-called “black smokers” are the hottest of the vents. They spew mostly iron and sulfide, which combine to form iron monosulfide. This compound gives the smoker its black color.
“White smokers” release water that is cooler than their cousins’ and often contains compounds of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white.
Geologists are intrigued by how rapidly vent chimneys grow — up to 9 meters (30 ft) in 18 months. A scientist at the University of Washington has been monitoring the growth of “Godzilla,” a vent chimney in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon. It reached the height of a 15-story building before it toppled. It is now actively rebuilding.
There are many other reasons why scientists want to learn more about hydrothermal vents. These underwater geysers are believed to play an important role in the ocean’s temperature, chemistry, and circulation patterns
Stanley Miller, a graduate student in biochemistry, built the apparatus shown here. He filled it with
• water (H2O
• methane (CH4)
• ammonia (NH3) and
• hydrogen (H2)
• but no oxygen
He hypothesized that this mixture resembled the atmosphere of the early earth. (Some are not so sure.) The mixture was kept circulating by continuously boiling and then condensing the water.
The gases passed through a chamber containing two electrodes with a spark passing between them.
